Enzyme

This enzyme is a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family, other members of which are EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) and EC 4.3.1.23 (tyrosine ammonia-lyase) and EC 4.3.1.25 (phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase). The enzyme contains the cofactor 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO), which is common to this family [3]. This unique cofactor is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the three amino-acid residues alanine, serine and glycine [9]. The enzyme from some species is highly specific for phenylalanine [7,8].

PAL

Enzyme

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Enzyme name

EC:4.3.1.24

Entry

Lyases;Carbon-nitrogen lyases;Ammonia-lyases

Class

L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming)

Sysname

L-phenylalanine = trans-cinnamate + NH3[RN:R00697]

Reaction

trans-cinnamate [CPD:C00423];NH3 [CPD:C00014]

Product

Species information

Ceratophyllum demersum

Species name

Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum) is a species of flowering plant in the family Ceratophyllaceae.

Species info

Gene sequence info

Ceratophyllum_demersum.PAL.fa

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>gene_prefix15213.mRNA1
MVAGAEAIVQNGTFHRVQPTILKYEAEQYSVSDDPLNWAKAAKTLQGSHFDEVKHMVDRFINARSVTLRGLDLEIADVVAIARRPLDVAAHLDADSAKSRVDESVAWIEEQSCKGTDTYGITTGFGATSHRRTGQCVDLQRELIRFLNAGIIDGDGNELPSDVTRASILVRTNTLLQGYSGIRWELLNSMKSLLNAGMTPILPLRGTITASALRQIGVEKPFELQPKEGLAIVNGTAVGAAQAAIVCYDANLLAVAAEITSAIFCEVMHGKPEFADPLTHRLKHHPGQMEAAAIMEYVLSGSSYMKHAAELHQQNPLKKPKQDRYALRTSPQWLGPQIEGIRVATQMIQREINSVNDNPVIDVARNKALHGGNFQGTPVGVSMDNLRLSIAAIGKLMFAQFSELVNDYYNGGLPSNLSGGPNPSLDYGLKGAEIAMASYTSELLYLANPVTSHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISARKSAEAIGILKMMTATYLAALCQAIDLRHLEETLKQTVKSVVAQVSKKTLSTGSNGEPLPGRFAEKDLLMVVENEPIFGYIDDPIRPDYPLMKNLRQVLIEHSLKSNDEEDLDGDDIPASGVFSRIKLFESELKEQLDKQVKLTRSNYDKGLPNLQNRVKDCRSFPIYRFIREELGTSLLTGTRTKSPGEEIETIYKAICDGRIVSPFMECLDGWNRRPGPF
>gene_prefix00337.mRNA1
MVAGAEAIVQNGTFHRVQPTILKYEAEPYSVSDDPLNWAKAAKTLQGSHFDEVKHMVDRFSKATSVTLRGLDLEIADVVAIARRPLDVAASLDADSAKSRVDESVAWIEEQSCKGTDTYGITTGFGATSHRRTGQCVDLQRELIRFLNAGIIDGDGNELPSDVTRASMLVRTNTLLQGYSGIRWDLLNSMKSLLNAGMTPILPLRGTITASVGAAQAAIVCYDANLLAVASEITSALFCEVMHGKPEFADPLTHRLKHHPGQMEAAAIMEYVLSGSSYMKHAAELHQQNPLKKPKQDRYALRTSPQWLGPQIEVIRVATQMIQREINSVNDNPVIDVARNKALHGGNFQGTPVGVAMDNLRLSIAAIGKLMFAQFSELVNDYYNGGLPSNLSGGANPSLDYGLKGAEIAMASYTSELLYLANPVTSHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISARKSAEAIGILKMMTATYLAALCQAIDLRHLEETLKRTVKSVVAQVTKKTLSTGPNGEPLPGRFAEKDLLMVVENEPVFGYIDDPIRPDYPLMKNLRQVLIEHSLKSDYEKDLDGEDIPASGVFSRIKLFESELKEQLDKQVKLTRSNYDKGLPNVQNRVKDCRSFPIYRFIREELGTSLLTGTQTKSPGEEIETIYRAICDGRIVSPFMECLDGWNRRPGPF
>gene_prefix08832.mRNA1
MTTNGIARPKDACRPPTLPLPKDGINPLVLPGTLISPRRCTGKAAEEAQCSHFDEVRRMLTQFQSTETVEIRGTTLTVAQVAAVARRSEVKVALDETTAKERVNRSAQWVSDTIARGTDTYGVTTGFGATSHRRTNKTTDLQTELIRFLNAGVIGKEHLPQSYSKVAMLVRANTLMQGYSGIRWEILESMAKLMNQNLIPKLPLRGTITASGDLFHLHCRTAHGRHNSQVVTRKESWVRGGSYGVF
>gene_prefix08833.mRNA1
MHGKPEFADPLTHELKHHPGQIESAAIMEYLLDDSDYMKEAKILNEKDPLTKPKQDRYALRTSPQWLGPQIEVIRMATHSIEREINSVNDNPLIDVSRDLALHGGNFQGTPIGVSMDNLRIAIAAIGKLILDYGFKGAEIAMASYCSELQYLANPVTTHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISARKSAEAIEILKLMSSTYMIALCQAVDLRHLEENMREVVKHILVQTARKTLYTAEDGSLLETRFCEKELLQVIDRQPVFSYIDDPSNPSYALLLQLREVLVEKSLKETKTEEELEEGYAIFKRIPFSKRS
>gene_prefix08831.mRNA1
MATNGIARPKDACRPPTLPLPKDGINPLCASGNSYITTPLHWKKAAEALQCSHFDEVRRMLTQFQSTETVEIRGTTLTVAQVAAVARRSEVKVALDETTAKERVNRSAQWVSDTIARGTDTYGVTTGFGATSHRRTNKTTDLQTELIRFLNAGVIGKEHLPQSYSKVAMLVRANTLMQGYSGIRWEILESMAKLMNQNLIPKLPLRGTITASGDLVPLSYIAGLITGRHNSQVVTPEGEVISAIEALNRAGIPRPYELQAKEGLALVNGTAVGSAVAATVCFDANVLALLAEILSALFCEVMHGKPEFADPLTHELKHHPGQIESAAIMEYLLDDSDYMKEAKILNEKDPLTKPKQDRYALRTSPQWLGPQIEVIRMATHSIEREINSVNDNPLIDVSRDIALHGGNFQGTPIGVSMDNLRIAIAAIGKLMFAQFSELVCDFYNNGLPSNLSGGPNPSLDYGFKGAEIAMASYCSELQYLANPVTTHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISARKSAEAIEILKLMSSTYMVALCQAVDLRHLEENMREVVKHILVQTARKTLYTAEDGSLLETRFCEKELLQVIDRQPVFSYIDDPSNPSYALLLQLREVLVEKSLKETKTEEELEEGYAIFKRIPIFQEELRKRLDEEVPIARERFNRCDFPIANRIKKCRTYPIYKFIRDEVGTKLLSGEKKISPGEYIEEVFEAIGEGKLGRVLMNCLAFWRGSAGPFTPRHAMVSPGTCNPNYWNWFDNVSY
>gene_prefix16711.mRNA1
MEGLVHQNGHANGYKESICIKDPLNWAAAAESLKGSHLDEVKRMVKEYREPLVELEGAKLTISQVAAVARNNSGVMVALSESSRAGVQASSNWIMDSMNKGTDSYGVTTGFGATSHRRTKQGGALQKELIRFLNAGIFGSGPECGDTMLPTPAARAAMLVRVNTLLQGYSGIRFEILEAISSLLNSNITPCLPLRGTITASGDLVPLSYIAGMLTGRPNSKAITQDGEIIDAKEAFSRSGIHSGFFELQPKEGLALVNGTAVGSGLASMVLFDANILAVLSEVLSAVFCEVMQGKPEYTDHLTHKLKHHPGQIEAAAVMEHILDGSSYMKVAKKLHELDPLQKPKQDRYALRTSPQWLGPQIEVIRAATKSIEREINSVNDNPLIDVSRNKALHGGNFQGTPIGVSMDNTRLAIASIGKLMFAQFSELVNDFYNNGLPSNLTGGRNPSLDYGFKGAEIAMASYCSELQFLANPVTNHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISSRKTAEAIEILKLMSTTFWLDCVKQLI
>gene_prefix09075.mRNA1
MEANGIVRPKDACRPPTLPLPKNGINPICASGNSYITTPLHWKKAAEALQCSHFDEVRRMLAQFQSAETIEIRGTTLTIAQVAAVARRPEVKVALDETTAKERVNRSAQWVSDTIARGTDTYGVTTGFGATSHRRTNKTADLQTELIRFLNAGVIGKEQLPQSYSKVAMLVRANTLMQGYSGIRWEILESMAKLMNQNLIPKLPLRGTITASGDLVPLSYIAGLLTGRHNSQVVTPEGEVISAIEALNRAGISRPYELQAKEGLALVNGTAVGSAVAATVCFDANVLGLLAEILSALFCEVMHGKPEFTDPLTHELKHHPGQIESAAIMEYLLDDSDYMKEAKILNEKDPLTKPKQDRYALRTSPQWLGPQIEVIRMATHSIEREINSVNDNPLIDVSRDLALHGGNFQGTPIGVSMDNLRIAIAAIGKLMFAQFSELVCDLYNNGLPSNLSGGPNPSLDYGFKGAEIAMASYCSELQYLANPVTTHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISARKSAEAIEILKLMSSTYMVALCQAVDLRHLEENMREVVKHILVQTARKTLYTAEDGSLLETRFCEKELLQVIDRQPVFSYIDDPSNPSYALLLQLREVLVERSLKETKTEEELEEGYTIFKRIPIFQEELRKRLDEEVPIARERFNRCDFPIANRIKKCRTYPIYKFIRDEVGTELLSGAKKISQEVYLEEGKPESLMKCLAYERRSFHLRHVSFPNLITGTGSIMSGEAVIVLNLPQQPRRPPSIRQYWHNKVLCMFEINLEEEMDFRSEEDPAPEIYIPTDVDWNMLDKSKFFFLGAALFSGVSAALYPVIVLKTRQQVSQSHLSCIRTALGIIRHEGYRGFYRGFGTSLTGTIPARALYMTALEITKSNVGTATIRLGLAEPAAAAIANAAAGLSAAMAAQIVWTPIDVISQRLMVQGSSNSSMITCKYKNGIDAFRKIINSDGIRGLYRGFGLSIATYAPSNAVWWASYSISQRLIWEGLGSYFRQKSKGDSNFQPCTKSVVMVQGISAAIAGGASALVTMPLDTIKTRLQVLDGDNENGKNRSSKISRTVKNLVREGGWRACYRGLGPRWASMSMSATTMITTYEFLKRLSAKSSEGLSC
>gene_prefix09073.mRNA1
MATHSIEREINSVNDNPLIDVSRDLALHGGNFQGTPIGVSMDNLRIAIAAIGKLMFAQFSELVCDFYNNGLPSNLSGGPNPSLDYGFKGAEIAMASYCSELQYLANPVTTHVQSAEQHNQDVNSLGLISARKSAEAIEILKLMSSTYMVALCQAVDLRHLEENMREVVKHILVQTARKILYTAEDGSLLETRFCEKELLQRKNLKRDTQKNPHFPRGVEEGLDEEVPIARERFNRCDFPIANRIKKCRTYPIYKFIRDEVGTELLSGAKKISPGEYIEKVFEAIGEGKLGGVLMKCLAYWRGSAGPFTPRHAMVSPASSNPDYWNWFDKVRSPSATSGRGFWSL
>gene_prefix09074.mRNA1
MATEGIARPREACRPPTLPLPKDGINPLCASGNSYITTPLHWKKAAEALQCSHFDEVRRMLAQFQSAETVEIRGTTLTVAQVAAVARRPEVKVALDETTAKERVNRSAQWVSDTIARGTDTYGVTTGFGATSHRRTNKTTDLQTELIRFLNAGVIGKEQLPQSYSKVAMLVRANTLMQGYSGIRWEILESMAKLMNQNLIPKLPLRGTITASGDLVPLSYIAGPGRHNSQVVTPEGEVISAIEALNRAGILVRMSFKPKKDWLSLTAPQLGPLWHPRVIH
>gene_prefix28875.mRNA1
MVCRSFQLAQGRVEANNNWVMESMNKGTDSYGVTTGFSATSQEGQVALQKELIGTYLPATARAAMLVRVNTLLQGYSGIRFEMRSHYKPPQSSNHAMSSSPRNDQPPATLFRCPTLQDLSPDGRIPRAVGQNGNTIDAEKLLSRESMGFFELQPKEGLALVNGTAVGSGLASMVLFDANILAVLSEIISAIF

Gene tree

Gene tree

Sheng jun & Dong yang Teams, Yunnan agriculture University