Enzyme
The enzyme requires iron(II) and ascorbate. It is involved in the pathway by which many flowering plants make anthocyanin flower pigments (glycosylated anthocyandins). The enzyme hydroxylates the C-3 carbon, followed by a trans diaxial elimination, forming a C-2,C-3 enol. The product loses a second water molecule to form anthocyanidins. When assayed in vitro, non-enzymic epimerization of the product can lead to formation of dihydroflavanols. Thus when the substrate is leucocyanidin, a mixture of (+)-taxifolin and (+)-epitaxifolin are formed. The enzyme can also oxidize the formed (+)-taxifolin to quercetin (cf. EC 1.14.20.6, flavonol synthase) [2,3].
ANS
Enzyme
Anthocyanidin synthase
Enzyme name
EC:1.14.20.4
Entry
Oxidoreductases;Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;With 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated
Class
(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
Sysname
a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = an anthocyanidin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O (overall reaction) [RN:R11993];(1a) a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a (4S)- 2,3-dehydroflavan-3,4-diol + succinate + CO2 + H2O [RN:R11991];(1b) a (4S)- 2,3-dehydroflavan-3,4-diol = an anthocyanidin + H2O [RN:R11992]
Reaction
anthocyanidin [CPD:C21381];succinate [CPD:C00042];CO2 [CPD:C00011];H2O [CPD:C00001];(4S)- 2,3-dehydroflavan-3,4-diol [CPD:C21832]
Product
Species information
Spirodela polyrhiza
Species name
Great duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) is a species of monocot in the family Araceae (arum family).
Species info
Gene sequence info
Spirodela_polyrhiza.ANS.fa
Download
>Spipo3G0090900.v2.290
MAAAEILEPFELRFADLLFLSCSSPGVSPPPEAERLESVSDGVMAALGPSGPGLLCVTGVPAVPALRRALLPLARKLALLDRAERARILKIHGLGSDVPLKNPDRTVSSFAKQLKYMRHPTMPWSSNLPEHGYDNGNYSKENAIEDEQELRDPGFEQLGNTFNLLASCMMEVGLQLARLCDKKMGSQELESSLLESGTAKGRLIHYHSELDNQIIKEPKERAKGSSMRPREFGNLTTLNPGTELQREMKGSDILNASRASLAGLWQQWHYDYGIFTVLTAPMFLMPYDVNRPHHISGSNDCGPPDGHTCLQVLDSVRNRILMVKAPPESFIVQVGESADILSKGNLRSTLHSVNRPGLGNLCRETFVVFLQPAWDKILCTSSNIVASRRQQLSAPTEAICGDHDEEESESGLQEEIVKAVPPLCSRLRDGMTFAEFSRETTRQYYGGGGTQSRR
>Spipo17G0004900.v2.290
MRAEPTAVPGPLRVETLAGSGIATIPAEYIRPKEERATLIDALDAAKSLDAGPQIPTVDLAGFLSGDEETRRRCVEAVQEAASKWGVMHIVNHGIPLELIKRMQEAGERFFSLPIEEKERYANDQSSGNIQGYGSKLANNASGQLEWQDYFFHLIYPEDKANYSIWPKEPSNYVEETQEFARQLRAVVSNMLAMLSLGLGVDEGKLEQEVGGLSDLLLQMKINYYPRCPQPDLAVGVEAHTDVSALSFILHNMVPGLQVYYEGNWVTARCVPDSIIMHVGDVVEILSNGKYKSILHRGLVNKEKIRISWAVFCEPPRDKIVLKPLTELVGEDSPAKFPPRTFAQHIEHKLFRKARGDFSTSN
>Spipo17G0005000.v2.290
MSTIVRTAGSGALSPPVRVESLALSGMPSIPAEYVRSEDECASLVDALDAAKNLDAGPQIPTVDLAKLRSTNEEERRSCMQAVGEAASEWGLMQIVNHGIPLELIKRMQEAGERFFSLPIEEKERYANDQSSGNIQGYGSKLANNPSGRRAWQDYFFHLVFPEDKANYIWPKEPANYAEETKEFVRQLRAVVSNMLAMLSAGIGLEEGKLEEEVGGMSDLLLQMKINCYPPCPQPNMAVGVPAHTDVSALSFILHNMVPGLQVYYGDQWVTVGCMPDAIIMHVGDVIEILSNGRYKSVLHRVLVNREKVRISWAVFCEPPPDKIVLKPLAALVHEGSTAKYPPRTFAQHIDHKLFLKSQGPASTPI
MAAAEILEPFELRFADLLFLSCSSPGVSPPPEAERLESVSDGVMAALGPSGPGLLCVTGVPAVPALRRALLPLARKLALLDRAERARILKIHGLGSDVPLKNPDRTVSSFAKQLKYMRHPTMPWSSNLPEHGYDNGNYSKENAIEDEQELRDPGFEQLGNTFNLLASCMMEVGLQLARLCDKKMGSQELESSLLESGTAKGRLIHYHSELDNQIIKEPKERAKGSSMRPREFGNLTTLNPGTELQREMKGSDILNASRASLAGLWQQWHYDYGIFTVLTAPMFLMPYDVNRPHHISGSNDCGPPDGHTCLQVLDSVRNRILMVKAPPESFIVQVGESADILSKGNLRSTLHSVNRPGLGNLCRETFVVFLQPAWDKILCTSSNIVASRRQQLSAPTEAICGDHDEEESESGLQEEIVKAVPPLCSRLRDGMTFAEFSRETTRQYYGGGGTQSRR
>Spipo17G0004900.v2.290
MRAEPTAVPGPLRVETLAGSGIATIPAEYIRPKEERATLIDALDAAKSLDAGPQIPTVDLAGFLSGDEETRRRCVEAVQEAASKWGVMHIVNHGIPLELIKRMQEAGERFFSLPIEEKERYANDQSSGNIQGYGSKLANNASGQLEWQDYFFHLIYPEDKANYSIWPKEPSNYVEETQEFARQLRAVVSNMLAMLSLGLGVDEGKLEQEVGGLSDLLLQMKINYYPRCPQPDLAVGVEAHTDVSALSFILHNMVPGLQVYYEGNWVTARCVPDSIIMHVGDVVEILSNGKYKSILHRGLVNKEKIRISWAVFCEPPRDKIVLKPLTELVGEDSPAKFPPRTFAQHIEHKLFRKARGDFSTSN
>Spipo17G0005000.v2.290
MSTIVRTAGSGALSPPVRVESLALSGMPSIPAEYVRSEDECASLVDALDAAKNLDAGPQIPTVDLAKLRSTNEEERRSCMQAVGEAASEWGLMQIVNHGIPLELIKRMQEAGERFFSLPIEEKERYANDQSSGNIQGYGSKLANNPSGRRAWQDYFFHLVFPEDKANYIWPKEPANYAEETKEFVRQLRAVVSNMLAMLSAGIGLEEGKLEEEVGGMSDLLLQMKINCYPPCPQPNMAVGVPAHTDVSALSFILHNMVPGLQVYYGDQWVTVGCMPDAIIMHVGDVIEILSNGRYKSVLHRVLVNREKVRISWAVFCEPPPDKIVLKPLAALVHEGSTAKYPPRTFAQHIDHKLFLKSQGPASTPI
Sheng jun & Dong yang Teams, Yunnan agriculture University